BASIC APACHE

APACHE 2 ON **DEAIBN

#       /etc/apache2/

#       |-- apache2.conf
#       |       `--  ports.conf
#       |-- mods-enabled
#       |       |-- *.load
#       |       `-- *.conf
#       |-- conf.d
#       |       `-- *
#       `-- sites-enabled
#               `-- *


**Struture of config in Debian is different from other linux dist.
** apache2.conf is the main config file
it includes other files (mods-enabled/*, conf.d/*, sites-enabled,ports.conf)

** ports.conf
ports to listen to

Directives: Timeout, Keepalive,AccessFileName ........
Configuration Section Containers:
|
|---evaluted each request : <VirtualHost> <Directory>....
| |
| |--Filesystem cotainer:<Directory> <Files>.....
| |
| `--Webspace Container: <Location>......
|
`---evaluated at startup: <IfDefine> <IfModule> ....
Directives Scoping: Limit the scope of effect of  directives(w/SectionContainer)

.htaccess: Placed in DocumentDirectory, use directives to immediately affect access
Administrator can limit directives in .htaccess by AllowOverride Directive

Virtual Hosting


How apache selects virtual to respond to request
1. Find best matching <VirtualHost> based on IP addr
2. More than 1 match--> compare ServerName and ServerAlias
3. No match found --> handled by global server config


#sites-available/000-example

<VirtualHost *:80>
             `--- Placing IP rather than DN in this directive
        ServerName www.example.org  ß FQDN of server

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost  ß admin mail

        DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml

                                                                                        `--- index files to look for

        DocumentRoot /var/www           ß root directory of site

        Alias /mydoc /var/local/lib/mydata

        <Directory />

                Options FollowSymLinks

                AllowOverride None

        </Directory>

        <Directory /var/www/>

                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

                                        `----Additional option for Directory

                AllowOverride None

                                        `----.htaccess (Only available under Directory)

                Order allow,deny

                allow from all

                                        |----.Search allow first, then deny, deny overwrites allow

                                        `----Rule not found --> deny

        </Directory>

        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/  <--CGI Scripts location

        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">

                AllowOverride None

                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

                               |------ExecCGI à CGI script

                                      |------MultiViews HTTP1.1 content negotiation

                                       `------SymLinksIfOwnerMatch stricter symlink follow

                Order allow,deny

                Allow from all

        </Directory>

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

        # alert, emerg.

        LogLevel warn

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerName other.example.com  ßanother virtual host

    ServerAlias other.example.com *.other.example.com

                          `--another way is set ServerAlias

    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost _default_:80>  <--catching request not matching any vhost

    DocumentRoot /www/default

</VirtualHost>

Listen 8080   <--Listen directive should be placed here or in port.conf
Listen 9090

<VirtualHost *:8080 *:9090>  

    DocumentRoot /www/default

</VirtualHost>

UserDir Module

Mods-available/userdir.conf

<IfModule mod_userdir.c>

  UserDir public_html

  UserDir disabled root

  <Directory /home/*/public_html>

    AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

    Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec

  </Directory>

</IfModule>

CGI Dynamic Content w/ PHP,Python,Perl

$apt-get install libapache2-mod-[php,perl,python]

.htaccess

*place directives

<Files ~ "^\.(htaccess|htpasswd)$">

deny from all

</Files>

Option +Indexes –FollowSymLinks

IndexOptions +FancyIndexing

IndexIgnore *.php *.exe

*Rewirte Request URL (Requires mod_rewrite and override allowed)

.htaccess

RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /myApp         <---- base URL for per-directory rewrites
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST}   !^www\.example\.com [NC]
    `----only rewrite when HOST matches(NC flag = no case)

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST}   !^$

RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^80$

RewriteRule ^/?(.*)         http://www.example.com:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1 [L,R,NE]
    |---- $N (0 <= N <= 9) -> back references
    |---- (flag: L -> Stop the rewriting process immediately and don't apply any more rules)
    |---- (flag: R -> Forces an external redirect)

    `----( flag: NE: noescap -> especial characters, such as & and ?, for example, will be converted to their hexcode equivalent. Using the [NE] flag prevents that from happening.)